FISH Test in India: Cost, Procedure, and Clinical Applications

FISH (Fluorescence in situ hybridization) is a molecular cytogenetic technique that uses fluorescent probes to detect and localize specific DNA sequences on chromosomes. It is a cornerstone in the diagnosis and management of various cancers and genetic disorders. This guide provides a comprehensive overview of the FISH test, its clinical applications, procedure, and cost in India.

What is FISH Test?

FISH is a laboratory technique that "maps" genetic material within a patient's cells. It is particularly useful for identifying chromosomal abnormalities such as deletions, duplications, and translocations that are associated with cancer and inherited genetic syndromes. Unlike traditional karyotyping, FISH can detect subtle genetic changes that are not visible under a standard microscope.

Clinical Applications of FISH

FISH is employed in both oncology and prenatal diagnostics. In oncology, it helps in:

• Detecting HER2 gene amplification in breast cancer to guide targeted therapy.
• Identifying chromosomal translocations in leukemia and lymphoma, such as BCR-ABL, PML-RARA, and MLL rearrangements.
• Assessing prognosis in multiple myeloma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia by detecting deletions like 13q, 17p, and 11q.

In prenatal and reproductive health, FISH is used for rapid aneuploidy screening of chromosomes 13, 18, 21, X, and Y. It is also used to diagnose microdeletion syndromes such as DiGeorge and Williams syndrome.

Types of FISH Probes

Scientists use three main types of FISH probes, each with a specific application:

• Locus-specific probes: Bind to a specific chromosomal region to detect gene copy number or location.
• Centromeric repeat probes: Target repetitive sequences at the centromere to determine chromosome number.
• Whole-chromosome probes: A collection of probes that label an entire chromosome in a unique color, useful for identifying structural rearrangements.

FISH Test Procedure

The FISH procedure involves the following steps:

1. Preparation of single-stranded DNA probes complementary to the target sequence.
2. Labeling of probes with fluorescent dyes.
3. Denaturation of the patient's DNA to allow probe binding.
4. Hybridization of probes to the target DNA.
5. Washing to remove unbound probes.
6. Visualization under a fluorescence microscope.

FISH Test Cost in India

The cost of a FISH test in India varies depending on the specific probe and complexity. At DNA Labs India, the price ranges from Rs. 6,000 to Rs. 22,000. Below is a detailed pricing table for various FISH tests offered.

Interpreting FISH Test Results

FISH results are reported as positive or negative for the specific genetic abnormality tested. A positive result indicates the presence of the abnormality, which may confirm a diagnosis, guide treatment decisions, or assess prognosis. Negative results suggest the absence of the targeted abnormality, but do not rule out other genetic changes.

Why Choose DNA Labs India for FISH Testing?

DNA Labs India is an ISO 9001 certified laboratory with state-of-the-art molecular cytogenetics facilities. Our team of experienced geneticists and pathologists ensures accurate and timely results. We offer a wide range of FISH tests at competitive prices, with a commitment to quality and patient care.