Immunohistochemistry DOG-1 Test
Short Name: IHC DOG-1
Also known as: DOG1 Immunostain, Discovered on GIST-1 Test, DOG-1 IHC Test, TMEM16A Immunohistochemistry
Immunohistochemistry DOG-1 Test test available at DNA Labs India for ₹3,000. Uses Immunohistochemistry (IHC) on Tumor tissue in 10% Formal-saline or Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) block samples. Results in Sample Daily by 6 pm; Report: Block – 5 days, Tissue Biopsy – 5 days, Tissue Large Complex – 7 days. Free home collection in 300+ cities across India.
🩺 Medically Reviewed By
Dr Pasupathy Arumugam
Consultant Pathologist · Reg: 21521
Last reviewed: September 7, 2026
Overview
The primary purpose of the Immunohistochemistry DOG-1 Test is to confirm the diagnosis of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GISTs) by detecting the DOG-1 protein in tumor tissue samples. It is used as part of a comprehensive immunohistochemical panel alongside markers such as CD117 (c-Kit), CD34, SMA, S-100, and Ki-67. The DOG-1 marker is particularly useful in diagnosing CD117-negative GISTs, which account for approximately 5% of cases. It helps differentiate GISTs from other soft tissue tumors such as leiomyomas, schwannomas, and desmoid tumors. This test also assists pathologists and oncologists in determining the appropriate treatment plan, including the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors like imatinib.
- Test Code
- 939
- CPT Code
- 88342
- ICD Code
- C16.9
- Price
- ₹3,000
- Sample Type
- Tumor tissue in 10% Formal-saline or Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) block
- Result Time
- Sample Daily by 6 pm; Report: Block – 5 days, Tissue Biopsy – 5 days, Tissue Large Complex – 7 days
- Fasting Required
- No
- Method
- Immunohistochemistry (IHC)
Sample Collection
A biopsy or surgical excision of the suspected tumor must already be performed. The tissue should be promptly fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin. A copy of the histopathology report, site of biopsy, and relevant clinical history must accompany the specimen.
Method: Tissue biopsy or surgical resection specimen
Laboratory Analysis
The tissue specimen is collected during biopsy (endoscopic, core needle, or excisional) performed by a qualified surgeon or gastroenterologist. DNA Labs India does not perform the biopsy itself but processes the submitted tissue specimen.
Report Delivery
The fixed tissue is processed, embedded in paraffin, sectioned, and stained with DOG-1 antibody using standard immunohistochemical protocols. The stained slides are examined by a qualified pathologist.
Timeline: Sample Daily by 6 pm; Report: Block – 5 days, Tissue Biopsy – 5 days, Tissue Large Complex – 7 days
Patient Instructions
About This Test
Who Should Get This Test
The primary purpose of the Immunohistochemistry DOG-1 Test is to confirm the diagnosis of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GISTs) by detecting the DOG-1 protein in tumor tissue samples. It is used as part of a comprehensive immunohistochemical panel alongside markers such as CD117 (c-Kit), CD34, SMA, S-100, and Ki-67. The DOG-1 marker is particularly useful in diagnosing CD117-negative GISTs, which account for approximately 5% of cases. It helps differentiate GISTs from other soft tissue tumors such as leiomyomas, schwannomas, and desmoid tumors. This test also assists pathologists and oncologists in determining the appropriate treatment plan, including the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors like imatinib.
How to Prepare
- Submit tumor tissue in 10% Formal-saline or as a Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) block
- Ship the specimen at room temperature
- Provide a copy of the histopathology report along with the specimen
- Include the site of biopsy and clinical history on the test requisition form
- Ensure the tissue is adequately fixed for a minimum of 6-24 hours in formalin
Doctor's Notes
Reviewed by Dr Pasupathy Arumugam — MBBS, MD (Pathology) · Reg. No. 21521
"DOG-1 (Discovered on GIST-1), also known as TMEM16A or anoctamin-1, is one of the most sensitive and specific immunohistochemical markers for Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GISTs). It is expressed in approximately 95-98% of GISTs regardless of KIT or PDGFRA mutation status. When used in combination with CD117 (c-Kit), DOG-1 significantly improves diagnostic accuracy, particularly in cases that are CD117-negative. I recommend this test for all suspected GIST cases as part of the standard immunohistochemical panel."
Last medically reviewed: September 7, 2026
Test Parameters & Specifications
Sample Stability
- Unfixed or improperly fixed tissue specimen
- Tissue received in inappropriate fixatives
- Specimen without accompanying histopathology report or clinical history
- Severely necrotic or autolyzed tissue with no viable tumor cells
- Specimen container is damaged or leaking
Understanding Your Results
DOG-1 Positive
Supports the diagnosis of GIST. The patient may be a candidate for tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy (e.g., imatinib) after oncology consultation.
DOG-1 Negative
GIST is less likely but cannot be entirely excluded. Additional markers (CD117, CD34, desmin, SMA, S-100) and molecular testing for KIT/PDGFRA mutations should be considered.
DOG-1 Equivocal / Weak
Equivocal results should be reviewed by an expert pathologist. Repeat staining or molecular testing may be recommended for definitive diagnosis.
You should consult your doctor if you experience persistent abdominal pain, unexplained gastrointestinal bleeding, a palpable abdominal mass, unexplained weight loss, or if you have a biopsy report indicating a suspected GIST. If the DOG-1 test result is positive, consult a medical oncologist for further evaluation and treatment planning, including potential targeted therapy. If the result is negative but clinical suspicion remains, discuss additional testing options with your physician.
Limitations
- ⚠DOG-1 staining may be positive in a small number of non-GIST tumors, including some smooth muscle tumors and synovial sarcomas
- ⚠A negative DOG-1 result does not completely exclude GIST, especially in rare CD117-negative and DOG-1-negative cases
- ⚠The test should be interpreted alongside other immunohistochemical markers (CD117, CD34, SMA, S-100) and clinical findings
- ⚠Results are qualitative and depend on pathologist interpretation
- ⚠This test does not provide information about specific gene mutations (KIT or PDGFRA); molecular testing may be required for that
Risks & Considerations
- ●This test is performed on an already-collected tissue specimen and poses no additional risk to the patient
- ●Risks are associated with the initial biopsy procedure (bleeding, infection, discomfort), not with the IHC test itself
Interfering Factors
- ●Inadequate fixation of the tissue specimen
- ●Excessive delay in tissue fixation leading to antigen degradation
- ●Use of improper fixatives other than 10% neutral buffered formalin
- ●Tissue necrosis or autolysis in the submitted specimen
- ●Decalcification agents that may destroy antigens
Compare With Similar Tests
| Test | Immunohistochemistry DOG-1 Test | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Comparison | Immunohistochemistry DOG-1 Test |
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the Immunohistochemistry DOG-1 Test?
Why is the DOG-1 Test important for GIST diagnosis?
What is the cost of the Immunohistochemistry DOG-1 Test in India?
What sample is required for the DOG-1 Test?
Does the DOG-1 Test require fasting?
How long does it take to get the DOG-1 Test results?
What does a positive DOG-1 result mean?
Can a GIST be DOG-1 negative?
Is the DOG-1 Test the same as a biopsy?
What is the difference between the DOG-1 Test and the CD117 Test?
Does DNA Labs India offer home sample collection for the DOG-1 Test?
Who should order the Immunohistochemistry DOG-1 Test?
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